Introduction: The positive psychology approach suggests that teaching courage is an important skill to prevent psychological harm in the labor children. By promoting self-efficacy and the perception of social support, children can avoid psychological injuries. This study aims to determine the impact of assertiveness training on self-efficacy and social support perception among the labor children in Karaj City.

Methods: The research was conducted through an experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The targeted population was working children at the Imam Ali Student-People's Relief Society, located in Malekabad Alam House, Karaj. A sample group of thirty individuals was purposefully selected, with fifteen individuals randomly assigned to each of the experimental and control groups. The experimental group participated in a seven-session assertiveness training package, each session lasting ninety minutes. At the end of the training, both groups were evaluated using self-efficacy and social support perception questionnaires. Data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using analysis of covariance with SPSS21.

Results: After adjusting the pre-test scores, the results showed that the factor between the subjects of the experimental and control groups had a significant effect. This is because the significance level of F obtained for the dependent variable of perceived social support and self-efficacy was fifty-four and eighty-seven hundredths and ninety-five and ninety hundredths, respectively. These results indicate that courage education is effective in increasing the self-efficacy and perception of social support of working children.

Conclusions: Assertiveness training is a suitable method to increase self-efficacy and perception of social support in work children. It is suggested that this method be used in childcare centers.